Food Recipes Ideas For Christmas

Special Embutido

Pasta is a feature of the Argentine cuisine

Pasta is a feature of the Argentine cuisine (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Ingredients:
1 kilo ground pork
1 can meat loaf (200 g)
1 pc large carrot
1/2 cup raisins
2 tbsp pickle relish
1 cup cheddar cheese, cubed
1 tbsp flour
1 pc egg
1/2 tsp salt and pepper
115 g tomato sauce
foil (embutido wrapper)

Procedure:

1. Mix all ingredients together including tomato sauce until well blended.
2. Divide into 4 equal parts then wrap in foil shaped as a cylinder.
3. Steam for 30 minutes
4. Serve cold or fried.

Meaty Spaghetti

Ingredients:
1 kg spaghetti noodles, boiled as directed

Meatballs:
500 g ground beef
2 cloves garlic, finely chopped
2 med size onion, finely chopped
1 tsp ground white pepper
1 tsp salt
2 cups stale bread, cut into cubes, soaked in 1 cup milk
2 pcs egg, slightly beaten
175 g cheese, cut into 1/2 inch cubes

Meat Sauce:
500 g ground beef
2 cloves garlic, finely chopped
2 med size onion, finely chopped
2 kg spaghetti sauce
1 cup grated cheese

Procedure:

1. Boil spaghetti noodles as directed in the package. Set aside.
2. Meatballs procedure: In a medium bowl, mix all the ingredients except the cheese cubes. Shape meat mixture into balls. Insert one (1) cube of cheese (make sure cheese is completely covered). Deep fry until slightly golden brown. Set aside.
3. Meat sauce procedure: Saute onions and garlic in 2 tbsp cooking oil. Add ground beef. Cooked until brown. Add spaghetti sauce and season with salt and pepper. Add grated cheese and meatballs. Simmer for 5 to 10 minutes.
4. Place cooked spaghetti noodles in a serving platter. Top with meat sauce and meat balls. Sprinkle with additional grated cheese.

sticky rice in traditional banana-leaf wrapper...

sticky rice in traditional banana-leaf wrapper; picture taken by User:Markalexander100 in summer 2004; (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Bibingka

Ingredients:
1 cup rice flour
1/8 teaspoon salt
2 1/2 teaspoon baking powder
3 tablespoons butter
1 cup granulated sugar
1 cup coconut milk
1/4 cup fresh milk
1 piece salted duck egg, sliced
1/2 cup grated cheese
3 pieces raw eggs
Pre-cut banana leaf

Procedure:

1. Preheat oven to 375 degrees Fahrenheit.
2. Combine rice flour, baking powder, and salt then mix well. Set aside.
3. Cream butter then gradually put-in sugar while whisking.
4. Add the eggs then whisk until every ingredient is well incorporated.
5. Gradually add the rice flour, salt, and baking powder mixture then continue mixing.
6. Pour-in coconut milk and fresh milk then whisk some more for 1 to 2 minutes.
7. Arrange the pre-cut banana leaf on a cake pan or baking pan.
8. Pour the mixture on the pan.
9. Bake for 15 minutes.
10. Remove from the oven then top with sliced salted egg and grated cheese (do not turn the oven off).
11. Put back in the oven and bake for 15 to 20 minutes or until the color of the top turn medium brown.
12. Remove from the oven and let cool.
13. Brush with butter and sprinkle some sugar on top. You can also top this with grated coconut.
14. Serve.

Leche Flan

Ingredients:
1 can (390g) evaporated milk
1 can (390g) condensed milk
10 egg yolks
1 teaspoon of vanilla extract or lemon essence

For the caramel:

1 cup sugar
3/4 cup water

Cooking Instructions:

1. In a saucepan, mix the sugar & water. Bring to a boil for a few minutes until the sugar caramelize.
2. Pour the caramelized sugar into aluminum moulds – you can use any shape: oval, round or square. Spread the caramel on the bottom of the moulds.
3. Mix well the evaporated milk, condensed milk, egg yolks and vanilla by hand or blender.
4. Gently pour the mixture on top of the caramel on the aluminum moulds. Fill the moulds to about 1 to 1 1/4 inch thick.
5. Cover moulds individually with aluminum foil.
6. Steam for about 20 minutes OR
7. Bake for about 45 minutes. Before baking the Leche Flan, place the moulds on a larger baking pan half filled with very hot water. Pre-heat oven to about 370 degrees before baking.
8. Let cool then refrigerate.
To serve: run a thin knife around the edges of the mould to loosen the Leche Flan. Place a platter on top of the mould and quickly turn upside down to position the golden brown caramel on top.

Made from magenta plant for the violet color w...

Made from magenta plant for the violet color with coconut on top, grinded green peas, peanut, sugar, spring onion fried with oil, sesame. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Egg Pie

For the pastry:

125 gm [1/2 cup] unsalted butter – at room temperature
90 gm [1/3 cup + 1 Tbsp] caster sugar (superfine)
250 gm [1 cup + 2/3 cup] plain flour
1 egg – beaten
1-2 Tbsp cold water

For the filling:

2 1/3 cup milk
4 eggs – separated
1/2 cup caster sugar (superfine)
1 1/2 Tbsp cornflour (cornstarch)

To make the pastry:

1. Combine flour and sugar in a bowl.
2. Cut in the butter with two butter knives or a pastry cutter. Then rub in the butter with your fingers until it resembles coarse breadcrumbs.
3. Mix in lightly the egg and knead the dough until it just about comes together. If necessary sprinkle cold water if the dough seems dry.
4. Knead for a short while and form into a ball. Wrap in plastic or cling film and chill in the fridge for 30 minutes.
5. Roll out thinly on a floured table top to a circle about 12 inches in diameter.
6. Line a 23 cm (9 inch) pie pan or fluted flan tin making sure to press the pastry well into the sides.
7. Put the tin on a baking sheet and bake blind: line the pastry with foil and baking beans.
8. Bake in a preheated oven to 200°C/400°F/gas mark 6 for 15 minutes.
9. Remove foil and baking beans then return to oven to bake for another 5 minutes.
10. Trim the excess pastry from the edge of the flan tin with a knife.

To make the filling:

1. Turn the oven temperature down to 180°C/350°F/gas mark 4.
2. In a bowl, mix the flour, sugar, and egg yolks.
3. Stir in the milk into the mixture.
4. Whip the egg white to soft peaks and fold into the milk/egg yolk mixture.
5. Place the pastry lined flan tin on a baking sheet.
6. Pour the filling in the tin and bake for 20 minutes until the top is brown.
7. Bring down oven temperature to 110°C/250°F and bake for a further 1 hour until the custard is just set. The center should wobble a little.
8. Remove from oven and cool completely.

Cassava Cake

Ingredients:
1 pkg-frozen cassava or fresh grated
1/4 cup-sugar
1/2 tsp-vanilla
1/2 can-coconut milk
2 oz.-margarine
1/2 can-condensed milk
grated cheese

Procedure:

1. Mix sugar and margarine until smooth. Then, add the cassava and coconut milk.Add vanilla and stir.
2. Bake for 30 minutes at 400 degrees F.
3. Pour the condensed milk on top of the cassava cake and sprinkle the grated cheese on top.
4. Place in the oven and brown the topping.

Indonesian cake made mainly of glutinous rice ...

Indonesian cake made mainly of glutinous rice and resembles Soylent Green. LOL (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Maja Blanca

Ingredients:

½-cup cornstarch
½-cup white sugar
2-cups coconut milk
coconut cream from 1 grated coconut

Procedure

Coconut cream:

1. Extract coco cream and coconut milk from the grated coconut.
2. Place grated coconut in a muslin bag wrung out of warm water.
3. Twist the open end and squeeze out the coco cream without adding water.
4. Set aside for cooking Latik.

Coconut milk:

1. Add three potions of warm water and squeeze the bag of grated coconut with every addition of water.
2. Cook coco cream in a frying pan over medium heat until oil and latik form.
3. The latik should have a delicate, golden yellow color and must not be burnt.
4. Transfer latik into a cool dish separate from oil or further heating will turn the latik to darker shade.
5. Blend cornstarch and sugar thoroughly in a 1-quart bowl and add ¼-cup of coco milk.
6. Boil the rest of the coco milk in a 2-quart saucepan.
7. Add the cornstarch-sugar mixture, stirring with a wire whisk until it boils.
8. Hold for 2 minutes to attain a cooked flavor of the starch.
9. Pour while hot into two oiled cereal dishes. Cool completely.
10. Cut into pie wedges. Garnish each piece with latik.
11. Serve hot or chilled.

Dried Fruit Cake Bars

Ingredients:

1 cup all-purpose flour
1/4 teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
1 teaspoon baking powder
1 cup mixed dried fruits
1 cup unsalted butter, melted
1 cup brown sugar, packed
2 eggs
1/2 teaspoon vanilla extract
1 tablespoon honey
3/4 cup chopped nuts (we used walnuts and cashews)

Procedure:

1 Preheat oven to 350ºF. Grease and line a 9×13-inch pan with parchment paper. Set aside.?

2 Sift together flour, salt, ground cinnamon, and baking powder. Divide in half.

3 Dredge dried fruits in half of the flour mixture.

4 In a bowl, combine melted butter, brown sugar, eggs, and vanilla extract. Add honey, then stir in remaining flour mixture. Fold in dried fruits and nuts.

5 Transfer mixture to prepared pan. Bake for 35 to 40 minutes. Cool before slicing into bars.

Baking tips:
• Dried mangoes, coconut, bananas, and pineapples were used in this recipe.
• To give as gifts, first wrap bars in aluminum foil then in colored cellophane

Holiday Ham

Tomato sauce

Tomato sauce (Photo credit: Aelle)

Make the brine: Prepare the brining solution by mixing together 2 liters water, 4 teaspoons curing salt, 3 cups salt, and 1 cup brown sugar, until the salts and sugar are completely dissolved.

Submerge 1 to 1.5 kilos pork pigue or kasim with fat in the brining solution for at least 5 days and place the container in the refrigerator. Make sure the container is sealed well and that you place it on the top shelf of the refrigerator to prevent anything from dripping into the container.

Make the ham: After 5 days of brining, rinse the meat with tap water to wash off some of the saltiness from the meat. With paper towels, pat the meat dry, place it on a roasting rack, and let it dry inside the refrigerator for at least 2 hours. In a large pot, heat the braising liquid. When it is completely heated, gently put the meat in the pot. Cook the meat in this liquid for about 1 hour, gently pouring liquid over the meat with the use of a ladle every few minutes.

Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Braise the meat in the oven for 1 to 1 1/2 hours. Take the meat out of the liquid and gently score the fat off the pork.

Raise oven temperature to 500 degrees F. Place the meat in a roasting rack, fat side up, and put it back in the oven until it turns golden brown, about 15 minutes. When the meat has turned a dark golden brown, take it out of the oven and let it rest for a few minutes.

When the meat has turned a dark golden brown, take it out of the oven and let it rest for a few minutes. Slice the meat according to your preferred thickness.

Make the braising liquid and ham glaze: In a pot, combine 1/2 cup brown sugar, 4 cups pineapple juice, 1/2 cup rum, 1 bay leaf, 10 cloves, 1 1/2 tablespoons garlic (minced), and 10 whole peppercorns, and simmer on low heat for 20 minutes. Braise meat. After taking meat out of the braising liquid, continue cooking the liquid on low heat until reduced to less than half – this is the ham glaze. Stir constantly to prevent any thick liquid from sticking to the bottom of the pot.

Pour the glaze over the meat before serving. Serve on the side for guests who may wish to have more.

Puto Bumbong

Ingredients:
1 kg Malagkit/galapong (glutinous) rice, mixed with 125 grams ordinary rice
1/5 tsp. Lilac or violet food coloring
Pandan leaves
Salt
1 pc Shredded mature coconut
Butter or margarine
Banana leaves
Water
Sugar

Preparation and Cooking

1. Soak pre-ground malagkit/galapong or glutinous rice and ordinary rice mixture in salted water with lilac/violet food coloring for 1-4 hours. Let dry overnight by putting inside a flour sack.
2. Put something heavy on top to squeeze out water.
3. Mixture is ready for cooking the following morning.
4. Or to manually grind rice mix – Slowly grind using a stone grinder or manual grinder. Do not put too much water in while grinding. It will delay drying of milled ingredients. Too much water on the other hand will cause the mixture to be sticky. Put milled ingredients onto cotton cloth and tie corners of the cloth. Let drip. When the mixture is almost dried, press by using a heavy object to remove excess water. Let stand overnight.
5. Place pandan leaves in water to be steamed. Heat steamer (lansungan) with enough water.
6. Put a small amount of rice mixture inside bamboo tubes (bumbong) about3/4′s full.

Ube Halaya (Ube Jam)

Pie

Pie (Photo credit: Darren Foreman)

Ingredients:
750 grams ube crop, peeled
2 cans condensed milk (168ml)
1 cup evaporated milk
1/2 cup butter or margarine
1/2 teaspoon of vanilla (optional)

Procedure:

1. Boil peeled ube until soft. Let the boiled ube cool then chop into small pieces.
2. Grind the chopped ube or place it in a blender with evaporated milk, condensed milk and vanilla, blend well.
3. In a pan, melt margarine.
4. Pour the ube mixture into the pan and stir until mixture is thick and a bit dry (but still moist).
5. Cool and serve.

Biko

Ingredients:
2 cups glutinous rice (aka sticky rice or malagkit)
1 1/2 cups water
2 cups brown sugar
4 cups coconut milk
1/2 tsp salt

Cooking procedure:

1. Combine the sticky rice and water in a rice cooker and cook until the rice is ready (we intentionally combined lesser amount of water than the usual so that the rice will not be fully cooked)

2. While the rice is cooking, combine the coconut milk with brown sugar and salt in a separate pot and cook in low heat until the texture becomes thick. Stir constantly.

4. Once the rice is cooked and the coconut milk-sugar mixture is thick enough, add the cooked rice in the coconut milk and sugar mixture then mix well. Continue cooking until all the liquid evaporates (but do not overcook).

5. Scoop the cooked biko and place it in a serving plate then flatten the surface.

Filipino Fruit Cake

Ingredients:
300 gms assorted dried local fruits
100 gms glazed fruit mix
100 gms raisins
80 gms glazed kaong
50 gms orange peel
1 c rum (used for fruit soaking)
50 gms cashew nuts / Pili nuts
1/2 c dayap rind
180 gms all-purpose flour
2 t cinnamon
150 gms butter
120 gms brown sugar
3 pcs whole eggs
1 jigger rum (for brushing)

Procedures:

Combine glazed fruits, dried fruits, raisins, kaong and peel. Soak the fruits in rum for one week. Beat the butter and sugar in a mixing bowl, until light and fluffy. Add the eggs slowly on a medium speed beat. Sieve the flour and spices together. Add the flour gradually on a low speed.

After one week, drain the fruits and dust with a little flour. Add this to the flour mixture. Give the mixture a final turn with clean hands to mix thoroughly. Transfer mixture into two lined baked pans. When desired weight is required, weigh accordingly and place mixture in the right baking pan. Bake in 300° F oven for two hours. Brush cake with one jigger of rum. Wrap in foil and let age for one week before consuming.

Buko Pie

Crust:

2 cups all-purpose flour
1 tsp. salt
2/3 cup shortening
1 piece eggyolk
1 tsp. vinegar
1/4 cup ice water

Filling:

4 cups coconut meat
1 cup coconut water
1 300 ml. can Sweetened Condensed Milk
2/3 cup cornstarch

Procedure:

1. Blend flour and salt in a bowl. Cut in shortening using two knives or a pastry cutter. Combine yolk, vinegar and water; slowly add the liquid to the flour mixing until dough can be handled.

2. Divide dough into 2 parts with one part slightly bigger than the other. Roll bigger dough to about 2 inches larger than a 16-inch pie plate. Fit dough into a pie plate, letting sides hang. Roll out remaining dough for the crust. Set aside.

2. Combine filling ingredients in a thick saucepan. Cook stirring constantly until thickened. Cool
then pour into prepared crust. Cover with top crust; flute or crimp edges together to seal. Bake for 1 hr. at 425 degrees F.

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Another Set of Favorite Negosyo Posts

How to Make Ice Cream

Taal Batangas Public Market ( Tapa, Longanisa ...

Taal Batangas Public Market ( Tapa, Longanisa and Delicacy ) – 06 (Photo credit: Dexter Panganiban)

How to make Ice Cream (Sorbetes)

Making Beer
Making Banana Wine
Making Gelatin from Seaweeds
Making Tocino, Longanisa etc.
Making Pork Ham, Bacon etc.
Restaurant and Catering Business
Making Fish Balls
Masapan de Coco
Coconut Macaroons
Coco Burger
Making Cooking Oil
Making Nata de Coco
Molded Scented Candle
Decorative/Novelty Wax
Making Banana Flour
Soy Sauce
Making Tomato Paste
Tomato Catsup
Making Kalabasa Peel Vinegar
Banana Peel Vinegar
Various Mango Preserves
Herbal Soap Making
How to Make Ice Cream
Virgin Coconut Oil Production
Activated Carbon Production
Cassava Flour
Mango Puree, Chutney, etc.
Soap Making by Cold Press
Wealth Secrets
How to Save Money
Tips on Difficult Customers
What It Takes to Be an Entrepreneur
Buying second hand products
How to Get a Trademark
Franchising vs. Start-ups
2 Mistakes in Running a Business
Start a Business-2(Planning)
Start a Business-2(Financing)
Start a Business-3(Setting Up) Seaweed (Eucheuma) Farming
Tilapia Raising/Culture
Hito (Catfish) Raising
Shrimp Culture
Green Mussel (Tahong) Culture
Oyster (Talaba)Culture
Fish Culture in Cages
Mud Crab (Alimango) Raising
Grouper (Lapulapu) Culture
MilkFish (Bangus) Culture
Starting a mud crab hatchery
Transporting Live Prawn
Temperate mushroom Farming
Kabute (mushroom) Farming
Garlic Farming (2)
Coconut and Ginger Intercropping
Swine Production (Piggery)
Eggplant Farming
Black Pepper Production
Hot Pepper Farming
Garlic Farming (2)
Duck Raising
Native Bee Production
Banana Farming
Ampalaya Farming
Avocado Farming
Water Melon Farming
JackFruit Farming
Tomato Farming
Coffee Production
Onion Bulb Production
Pole Sitaw Farming
Mango Farming
Mangosteen Farming

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Siomai Recipe

Tokyo - Shibuya: Tokyu Food Show - Shumai

Tokyo – Shibuya: Tokyu Food Show – Shumai (Photo credit: wallyg)

Siomai are Chinese dumplings popular in many countries. This recipe is common and a simple guide how to make siomai.  Below is a video guide showing how siomai is done fast and easy.

Siomai Ingredients:

  • 1 kg ground pork (suggested proportion of fat to lean meat is 1:3)
  • 1/3 cup chopped water chestnuts or turnips (singkamas)
  • 3/4 cup chopped carrots
  • 2 tbsp or 4 cloves minced garlic
  • 2 medium or 1 large minced onion(s)
  • bunch of spring onions or leeks
  • 1 egg
  • 5 tablespoons sesame oil
  • 1 teaspoon freshly ground pepper
  • 1 teaspoon salt
  • 5 g seasonings
  • 50 pcs. large or 100 pcs. small wanton or siomai wrapper
  • Soy sauce, calamansi (lemon or kumquats), sesame oil and chilli paste (for the sauce)

Preparation and cooking of Siomai:

– Mix all the ingredients for the filling in a bowl.

– Arrange 10 wrappers in a tray, and weigh 100 g of siomai mixture. Place 2 tsp of meat in each wrapper until nothing is left unfilled. Each wrapper will have 10 grams of siomai.
– To enclose, gather up the edges of the wrapper and gently fold it so that it forms a basket shape, with the top of the filling exposed. Press lightly as you pleat each side. Or, if you don’t want to expose the filling, use a bigger wrapper. Do the same to the remaining meat mixture.
– Meanwhile, boil water and brush steamer with oil.
– When the water gets to a rolling boil, arrange the siomai in the steamer and let stand for 15-20 minutes, longer for larger pieces.
– Serve with soy sauce, calamansi and sesame oil. Chilli paste is optional.

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BICOLANO FARMER-BENEFICIARY FINDS `GOLD MINE’ IN VIRGIN PILI NUT OIL

MOVE over virgin coconut oil. Make way for virgin pili nut oil!

An agrarian reform beneficiary in Daraga, Albay has recently found a “gold mine”
in manually extracted virgin pili nut oil he himself developed painstakingly for six
months shortly after attending a government-sponsored pili nut food processing
course early last year.

Victor Ramon Goyena, 50, a civil engineering graduate, said the temperature plays a
very important role in maintaining the nutritional potency of the oil.
“Only when no alteration of its nutrient composition can we claim it as `virgin oil,'” he
said, adding that it took him six months of experimentation before he finally perfected
in October last year the extraction of virgin pili nut oil from newly harvested nuts..

Goyena said he got hooked into this undertaking after he was invited by the provincial
office of the Department of Agriculture, one of CARP’s implementing agencies, to
attend a series of trainings on pili nut food processing early last year.

Goyena, who was awarded with a three-hectare farm under the Comprehensive
Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) in April 2008, said the oil is a good skin moisturizer
as it helps smoothen ageing skin and soften dry and rough skin.

“The oil is odourless and is easily absorbed by our skin. I personally use it as skin

moisturizer and it makes my skin glow and healthy”, said Goyena, who is married to
the former Jocelyn Faustino, with whom he has two sons, both in their late teens.

Lately, he also found that virgin pili nut oil is good at enhancing hair growth.
Traditionally, pili nut oil is being used by local folks to treat skin diseases and as de-
worming agent for poultry and livestock.

Goyena is currently selling his virgin pili nut oil in 20 and 30 milliliter bottles in the
Bicol region. He is working on hitting the national market anytime within the next two
years.

He said he is planning to develop the three-hectare farm awarded to him under CARP
into “Pili Park” to showcase various pili nut products to visiting students, farmers,
tourists and prospective entrepreneurs like him. Today, he has 350 pili nut trees in his
farm and is expecting them to bear fruits within four to five years.

Albay provincial agrarian reform officer Salve C. Tongco said that Goyena, with his
newfound product, is a potential nominee for the “Most Outstanding ARB” award, and
his virgin pili nut oil a top contender for the “rookie product” category in the 2011
Agraryo Trade Fair in June.

Farmers adopt pruning to get high mango yield in S Guj

Girish Patel of Pariya village in Pardi taluka of Valsad district has a mango orchard in an area spread over 23 acres. He had a yield of 7,500 tonnes this year from 3,041 trees. Half of the trees are 50 years old and others are around five. His overall mango crop production matches any orchard that has trees of about 10 to 15 years of age.

Girish Patel runs a model project. He also has an online water supply system in his orchard. He and a few others in the last ten years have revolutionized mango farming through pruning technique. He said, “Production was coming down from our trees. But in 2000-01, I began experimenting with pruning and now the results are there for everyone to see.”

Similar is the story of Rajesh Shah, another farm owner from Fansa. His 4000 trees are more than 60 years old. He also does pruning to achieve a yield of more than 300 kg per tree. He said, “The state government gave me a certificate of being the best mango farmer last year. I was very satisfied for having done something worthwhile.”

CD Chaudhary, director, Valsad, horticulture department, said, “Pruning is done in three years and in three phases in the months of November and December. In the first year, the trunks and branches of the trees are cut in southern direction. In the following two years, they are cut in the west and east directions. Subsequently, the fungicide is applied.”

Chaudhary said, “The trees that are pruned and cut properly above 15 feet from the stem will start giving very high yield from the fourth year onwards, provided their canopies too are properly set up. This technique allows proper circulation of air and sunlight to all the parts of a tree.”

If a normal 15-year-old tree gives a yearly production of 250 kg of mangoes, a pruned tree gives 300 kg.

“The state government gives a subsidy of Rs 15,000 per hectare and thus more and more farmers are going for pruning for better mango yield,” said Chaudhary.

Another Set of Favs

Madre De Cacao Leaves
How To Make Tocino
How To Make Pastillas De Leche
Tocino Ingredients
Ingredients Of Tocino
How To Make Pastillas
Jollibee Franchise Fee
Tocino
Duck Raising In The Philippines
Ampalaya Farming
Growing Ampalaya
Hopia Mongo
Hopia Baboy
Bangus Farming
Meat Shop Business
How To Make Activated Charcoal
Activated Charcoal
How To Make Empanada
How To Make Embutido
How To Make Pastillas Candy
How To Make Salted Egg
Canned Milkfish
How To Make Virgin Coconut Oil
How To Make Chicken Tocino Recipe
Duck Raising
Tilapia Raising
Growing Tilapia
How To Make Coconut Macaroons
How To Make Macaroons
How To Make Chorizo
Negosyong Pinoy
Piggery Business
Piggery Philippines
Itik
Poultry Raising
Poultry Farm

Scientific tapping of pili resin pushed

The pili (Canarium ovatum) tree is the source of the pili nut which is made into delicacies that are the pride of the Bicol Region. What most people don’t know is that the bark of the pili yields a valuable resin – known as “Manila elemi” – which is used in the paint, pharmaceuticals, printing and perfume industries.

However, despite the fact that 225,000 pili trees grow in the Bicol provinces, there exists virtually no resin harvesting enterprises in most parts of the region.

To help start a sustainable industry, the Department of Science and Technology-Forest Products Research and Development Institute (DOST-FPRDI) started three years ago teaching pili growers and farmers the scientific way of resin gathering. “The resin must be tapped the right way to make sure that the pili trees are not harmed and their yields are sustained. Over-tapping, deep tapping and frequent re-chipping can damage and eventually kill the trees,” explains FPRDI’s forester Arsenio B. Ella.

Since 2007, FPRDI has trained 569 people in the provinces of Sorsogon, Albay, Camarines Sur and Catanduanes. “We taught them a system which we developed from a field experiment,” Ella elaborates. “We specified the correct length, depth, and width of the tapping cut as well as the right amount of chemical stimulant to use and the best time to re-tap.”

“I think it will not take very long before we see a strong resin industry established in the Bicol region, especially with the help of concerned groups,” predicts Ella. For instance, Abel Satrain, the country’s biggest pili resin producer, put up in 2007 a resin buying station in Barangay Abuyog, Sorsogon City to cater to resin tappers in the nearby town of Gubat. According to him, he has collected around 700 kilos of resin a year in the last three years.

Also, in 2010, the Department of Agriculture and the office of Congressman Edcel B. Lagman of the First District of Albay started a comprehensive program on pili development in Bicol. The program aims to raise farmers’ awareness on alternative ways to maximize the use of pili trees, including resin tapping.

“I am happy about these developments,” says Ella, “but we need more sectors – other government agencies, the academe, non-government agencies, and pili growers and processors – to work together to help protect Bicol’s rich pili resources.

INTEGRATED PRODUCTION PRACTICES OF CASHEW IN THE PHILIPPINES

Concepcion A.E. Magboo

1. INTRODUCTION
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.), locally known as ‘kasoy’, is one of the most important nut crops in the Philippines. It is a versatile crop with many economic uses in the food industry as food and feed. Presently, only the nut is given attention by cashew growers as it commands a good demand in the market among domestic consumers. In addition, cashew nut is exported to Europe and other Asian countries. In 1995, the Philippines exported 1,124 tons of raw and processed nuts valued at US $ 879,573; India was the major buyer (64 %) of raw nuts, and France in the form of processed and preserved nuts (Table 1).
During the same year, the country imported 48.92 tons of cashew nuts amounting to an FOB value of US$ 199,345 (Table 2). The raw nut requirement was mainly supplied by Singapore; the processed kernels and preserved products came from Singapore (47 %), USA (27 %), and Taiwan (17 %). Cashew has a high potential for commercial cultivation as there is a steady demand for nutritious food items and an expanding market for processed and other value added cashew-based products.

2. CURRENT STATUS OF CASHEW PRODUCTION
Cashew is grown in most regions of the country mainly as a backyard crop or as a component of many small-scale diversified orchards. Palawan is the leading production center where more than 90 percent of the 2.6 million bearing trees are found. Other important areas are Llocos Region, Central Luzon, Northern Mindanao and Western Visayas.
In these areas, most of the bearing trees are of local origin. However, for new plantings, predominantly in Palawan, the recommended superior varieties such as Mitra, Recto and Fernandez have been used (Table 3).

Table 1. Philippines Exports of Cashew, 1995

Country Volume (kg) FOB Value (US$)
1. Cashew nuts (fresh/dried) – shelled/peeled 1,122,428 865,627
China 262,000 231,750
Hongkong 100,000 69,720
India 760,428 564,197
2. Cashew nuts – processed/preserved 1,946 13,846
Canada 180 782
Taiwan 147 2,063
France 787 6,037
TTP 767 4,470
Others 65 494

Source: Foreign Trade Statistics, 1995

Table 2. Philippines Cashew Imports, 1995

Country Volume (kg) FOB Value (US$)
1. Cashew nuts (fresh/dried – shelled/peeled 3,088 23,262
Republic of China 1,145 1,071
Singapore 1,943 22,191
2. Cashew nuts – processed/preserved 45,841 176,083
Republic of China 26,886 34,621
Hongkong 1,140 4,685
Singapore 9,916 83,161
USA 7,899 53,616

Source: Foreign Trade Statistics, 1995

Table 3. Recommended/Promising Cashew Varieties in the Philippines

Variety Apple Weight (g) Nut Weight (g) Kernel Weight (g) Kernel Recovery (%) Total Soluble Solids (%) Average Prod. Per Tree (kg)* Apple Colour
Mitra 146.39 13.43 3.74 27.84 13.08 9.67 orange
Fernandez 117.48 11.93 2.94 24.64 13.28 6.90 orange
CIG 129.00 12.78 3.55 27.77 15.84 7.38 orange
Callwag 79.48 11.71 3.10 26.47 13.88 7.02 yellow/ orange
Recto 70.22 10.13 2.96 29.22 12.36 7.93 red/ orange

Source: Cashew Varieties, STARRDEC Leaflet, 1996* Seven-year-old trees

3. PROPAGATION AND PRODUCTION OF PLANTING MATERIALPropagation of cashew in the Philippines is either from seed or through cleft grafting. Most of the existing cashew orchards were established using seed from selected mother trees of superior performance. With the initiation of a government program for establishment of scion groves using recommended varieties, the importance of planting grafted plants has been emphasized to cashew farmers.
At present, the recommended varieties are being propagated in government nurseries in Palawan, Rizal and Romblon, DA – Region VI, the Western Luzon Agriculture College (WLAC) and the University of the Philippines – Los Banos (UPLB). Most of the plants are grafted using the stocks of any variety with scions from the recommended varieties.

4. ESTABLISHMENT OF CASHEW PLANTATIONS
As in the case of other perennial crops, land preparation is carried out in the conventional way by cashew farmers. After clearing the land, staking is done at spacings ranging from 5 to 10 meters depending on the preference of each farmer who may use the land for other inter-crops while the young cashew is being established. The square system of planting is usually practiced since it is easy to layout and allows sufficient space for other crops. Farmers are aware that land clearing and preparation can be conveniently done during the dry season before the onset of the rainy season.

5. CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF CASHEW ORCHARDS
While cashew plants are still small, inter-cropping with annual crops contributes to the effective management of the land. Very few farmers apply manure or fertilizer directly to the cashew crop. However, for new plantings using recommended varieties, farmers are beginning to realize that the potential yield of a good variety can be attained only through proper management practices such as weeding, fertilizer application etc. Owners of large cashew plantations practice pruning, especially when it is evident that compact canopies and clean culture minimizes pest infestation.
Many insect pests attack the cashew at all the growth stages. The most common insect pests are termites, leaf miner, twig and root borers and the tea mosquito. The plant diseases commonly found in cashew are anthracnose, especially when intermittent rains occur during the flowering and fruiting stages. Other diseases are damping off and root rot of seedlings. Farmers who own large plantations seldom apply any chemical control measures except at the nursery stage. Some control is brought about by under brushing cashew orchards at the onset of flowering which helps to eliminate alternate hosts that harbor pests.

6. REPLANTING AND/OR REJUVENATION
Replanting is practiced by cashew farmers in Palawan. However, very few farmers do rejuvenation of old orchards.

7. HARVESTING OF CASHEW
In the Philippines, cashew trees flower from November to March, while the harvest season is from February to May and may extend up to early June. The quality of nuts and yield is dependent on weather conditions during the fruiting stage. If it rains during the reproductive phase, poor quality nuts are produced. Fruits are usually harvested manually, although a number of farmers wait for the fruits to drop as the main concern of farmers is the nut. Nuts are picked from the ground, separated from the cashew apple, cleaned and dried.
In places where cashew apples are processed into juice, wine and other delicacies, fruits are harvested using a pole with a wire hook attached to its end. The pole is provided with a shallow net or cloth bag to catch the detached fruits.

8. MARKETING
Cashew is mainly marketed as raw nut to local traders and processors. Some growers process cashew nuts into roasted splits and whole kernels and sell them directly to consumers, wholesalers or retailers. Most of the raw nuts shipped to Metro Manila are processed for use by food manufacturers.
The local traders or wholesalers employ local agents to collect nuts from different areas. Some traders go directly to farmers to buy cashew nuts and transport the produce to processors. Some of the wholesalers also export raw nuts.
In most villages, farmers are not yet organized to market their raw produce or processed products. With the introduction of a government program to provide assistance, especially through farmer organizations, the trend now is for farmers to formally organize themselves and affiliate the organization with the Cooperative Development Authority. This supports also the marketing activities of farmers.

9. POTENTIAL FOR CASHEW NUT PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT
The projected local demand for cashew nut alone by the year 2000 is about 5,600 tons. With the 5.4 % annual growth rate of world cashew nut exports, the market for the commodity is still enormous.
With the agro-industrial development program of the country and the government information drive on products that may be derived from cashew besides the use of the kernel as food, cashew has great potential for development. The utilization of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) in the industry is an ongoing research and development program in both private and government sectors.
The vast areas for reforestation and the agro-forestry program of the Philippine government will be a good avenue to expand cashew development. Cashew is a good crop for reforestation, especially in coastal areas that are prone to wind erosion. The crop requires a distinct dry season which normally coincides with its flowering and fruiting cycles. There are many regions in the country that have similar climatic regimes.

10. CONSTRAINTS IN CASHEW NUT PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT
Since cashew can assure a good income, considering the range of products it can give from the nut alone, the problems facing the production sector need to be given some attention. These include the limited supply of grafted plants of recommended varieties; occurrence of pests and diseases, especially anthracnose during the reproductive phase; low level of knowledge of farmers on production and post-harvest technologies brought about by poor communication links to production areas; and the lack of financial resources for farmer groups to embark on processing of their crop of nuts and cashew apples.

11. CONCLUDING REMARKS
It is inevitable that cashew production will improve with the availability of vast natural resources available for the development of the crop. The increasing domestic requirements for food confectioneries for the nut alone and eventually for cashew apples can assure a good income for cashew farmers, especially if village-level processing can be developed for the crop.
The agro-forestry program of the government has given priority to promote cashew as one of the candidate crops to be grown. This will accelerate the development program for cashew. It is important therefore, that the technology transfer, promotion and dissemination of production technologies including cultural management of the crop be given priority in the development programs on cashew. The information and the technology application for this crop are very important to the cashew industry.
Furthermore, research and development in cashew production and post-harvest activities have to be strengthened to offer the new technologies to the cashew industry. The utilization of various by-products will undoubtedly motivate farmers to embark on expanding cashew production. Market linkages for processed products and by-products have to be established through the assistance of government Institutions. The Philippines is one of the few countries that has a great future to develop cashew production given the right research and development support from the relevant organizations.

Food on the go.

Chinese cuisine has a wide variety of food due to its old culture and different cooking styles. Foods on the northern part of China are different from those on the southern part due to differences in resources, climate, and tradition. Western provinces also produce different types of food and different styles of cooking due to differences in geographical conditions and availability of ingredients.Most of the Chinese food includes soup, rice meals, noodles, bread and buns, and stir fry. These are easy to prepare dishes but require excellent skill in cooking. Chinese people are considered to be one of the great chefs because of their skill, perseverance and attitude in cooking. They create different types of food that are delicious unique and amazing.Today people are too busy that sometimes we have no time to cook or prepare our food but Chinese have variety of food that can be eaten on the go. Typical bread contains mainly of carbohydrate but Chinese cuisine offers a wide variety of healthy and nutritious improvised food such as siopao, siomai, dumplings and rice rolls. Siopao is a bun stuffed with meat like pork, chicken, ham and egg. It does not only contain purely carbohydrate from starch but also protein and fats from meats and egg.Siomai is a small bite-size food that is made from either, pork, beef, shrimp or shark’s fin that is wrapped on a special wrapper that is thin. It Is a delicious snack most often used as topping and can be found on a dim sum. It became popular and can be now seen in many Chinese restaurants and even in stalls/food stop specializing in siomai.Dumplings differ from siomai and siopao because of its wrapper. There are so many types of dumplings and it can contain heavy fillings. Dumplings can be fried, steamed, baked, simmered or boiled. This makes this one exciting.Rice rolls can also be a good source of energy. It is easy to prepare and can be wrapped on the go. Because rice is one of the major product of China it cannot be denied that rice is always present in every meal. Rice for Chinese has many uses: it is their main source of energy; products such as wine, liquor as well as some noodles came from rice.These were just some example of Chinese food that can be eaten on the go. China is a very huge country and there are still more to discover. It is one of the oldest civilizations of this world and it contributed a lot in our present situation.

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